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Photo: Andrey Butko, CC BY-SA 3.0 (via Wikimedia Commons)

Basil

Ocimum basilicum

Also known as Sweet Basil, Common Basil, Garden Basil, Saint Joseph's Wort

At a glance
Family
Lamiaceae (the mint family)
Type
Tender annual herb
Parts used
Leaves, flowering tops, and occasionally seeds
Size
12 to 24 inches tall and nearly as wide
Bloom
Small white or pale purple flower spikes in mid to late summer
Habitat
Native to tropical Asia and Africa, now grown in gardens, pots, and kitchen windows worldwide
Acquisition
Grow or buy

Key benefits

Eases digestive discomfort
Calms everyday nervous tension
Rich in aromatic antioxidants
Traditional support for coughs

Traditional uses

Basil has followed cooks and healers alike for thousands of years, moving from ancient Mediterranean kitchens to Ayurvedic medicine chests to the herb pots on modern windowsills. In Italy it became the soul of pesto and summer sauces, while traditional European and South Asian herbalism turned to its warm, clove scented leaves as a tea for settling an uneasy stomach after a heavy meal. Cooks and grandmothers both came to trust it as an herb that soothes as readily as it seasons, a plant equally at home easing a fussy digestion or brightening a plate of tomatoes. Note that sweet basil, Ocimum basilicum, is a culinary cousin of holy basil or tulsi, Ocimum tenuiflorum, which carries its own separate and deeply sacred history in India.

How to grow & use it

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The full apothecary for Basil

Traditional remedies and step-by-step preparations, a complete growing guide, and how to harvest, dry, and store it, all unlocked with HerbLens Unlimited.

  • Remedies & preparations
  • Growing guide
  • Harvest & storage
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From under $6 a month. Free plant identifications always included.

Pairs well with
  • Oregano
  • Lemon Balm
  • Thyme
Substitutes
  • Oregano
  • Fresh Mint
Choose it when

When the kitchen wants brightness and the belly wants ease.

Did you know?

The name basil comes from the Greek word basilikon, meaning kingly, since the ancient Greeks and Romans considered its fragrance fit for royalty even as they argued over whether the plant brought good fortune or bad.

Safety

Basil is safe in ordinary culinary amounts. Its essential oil should not be taken internally or used in pregnancy, and medicinal-strength amounts contain enough vitamin K to interact with blood thinners like warfarin.